Contact with infected blood--and possibly other bodily fluids such as saliva--in a wound or other direct entry route into the body.
A Tower resident's journal revealed that fluids contact to undamaged skin had no affect.
Riley says that she and Pegs witnessed people under attack coming into contact with infected blood and turning.
In the vast majority of cases turning takes place rapidly after exposure, anywhere between 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
In a small minority of those exposed to a bite or blood, (ie: "Slow Turners") the change may take days, weeks or even months.
It is unknown at present if anyone is permanently immune or resistant.
How the Zombies Can Tell Where People Are
As in humans, sight, smell, and hearing
Particularly attracted to the smell of blood and the pheromones in sweat.
Their sense of smell can be overpowered by chemicals with a strong scent, ie perfumes or alcohol.
Alcoholic drink may either disguise humans or repel zombies.
Notable Facts
Zombies rest and/or sleep.
The zombies are cannibals.
No animals have been observed to turn.
Zombies seem to build a tolerance to chemicals and harmful impacts quickly (ie: homemade chloroform and bullets).
Some zombies take more than one bullet to bring down.
The zombies in L.A. were observed to carry both their dead victims and fellow zombies back to the the Arena.
Not all zombies retrieve their dead as the L.A. zombies do. This fact is stated by Victor, near the Colony.
Not all zombies use the the Arena as a home base. Some prefer to live on an island, etc.
In general Zombies (especially regulars) hunt or roam in packs; but smaller numbers or single Zombies are encountered as well in almost any region.
Although some Zombies or groups of Zombies are encountered during the daytime, only a few days after the outbreak the higher threat from Zombies is during the night.
Clear distinction between zombies that lead and zombies that follow.
Burt mentioned that he believes that the smarter you were in life, the smarter you are as a zombie.
Based on the descriptions from the main characters journals, the "zombies" are all described as having some sort of deformity or super human strength or ability.
Uncertain whether zombies are actually dead. Necessity of food and sleep points otherwise.
According to Tanya Zombies need food and air as normal living beings.
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